I found this while looking through the SimTimes hands-on article, it confirms that there is an education career but unfortunately it reveals the fact that the school is still a rabbit hole.  Here is the article exert (loosely translated from German):

The school building was the only building in which one can not practice any profession. This changes with The Sims 3: Ambitions. Because now your Sims can run through the profession of education and from primary school through the High School teacher and superintendent bishin to direct the career ladder to climb. The school building remains, however, a Rabbit Hole. Thus, the prospective teachers during their work disappear behind the doors of the school building